the community and fellowship with God. Exodus 12:48 required circumcision for “an alien living among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised.” As Edmond Clowney wrote in The Church: Circumcision was a ritual of cleansing, for the uncircumcised are unclean. It is a cleansing dedication, for it marks acknowledgement of God’s lordship. In the context of covenant-making, the bloody rite performed on the male organ also Included the sign of judgment